Roman London: Londinium

London's Roman history stretches back to the 1st century AD, when the Romans founded the city and named it Londinium. By the time of the Great Fire, however, much of Roman London had been forgotten, buried beneath the medieval city's more recent structures. Yet, the fire exposed Roman ruins that had been hidden for centuries. Excavations in the aft

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The Strategy of Attrition

Despite his successes, Hannibal faced enormous challenges. Rome's ability to replenish its armies through conscription meant that he could never fully eliminate the Roman threat. His strategy of attrition, aiming to weaken Rome’s resources and morale, proved difficult to sustain. Hannibal lacked the reinforcements and supplies to make a decisive

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Hannibal: The Greatest Nightmare of Rome

Hannibal Barca, one of history's most legendary military commanders, remains a symbol of determination and strategy. Born into a Carthaginian military family in 247 BCE, Hannibal was destined for greatness, but it was his relentless war against Rome during the Second Punic War (218–201 BCE) that would earn him an indelible place in history as Rom

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